Staffing Shortfalls Stall Federal Probes Into Missing, Slain Native People
SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) — Peter Martin disappeared from the Fond du Lac reservation in Minnesota, and his family has never stopped searching. But they say the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs investigation into his case stalled after the agent assigned to it left the role in early 2025.
“They’ve never had a person take his space for this region, and we haven’t heard from them since,” said Kayla Jackson, a family friend.
The bureau’s Missing and Murdered Unit was created in 2021 to confront the crisis of violence against Native Americans and direct new resources toward solving cold cases. A recent audit by the Interior Department’s internal watchdog, however, found that staffing problems have dogged the unit since its formation during President Joe Biden’s administration, creating a backlog and leaving families without required victim services.
Federal spending on the initiative rose from $12 million to $17 million between 2021 and 2024. During the same period, auditors found, 39% of the money for the Missing and Murdered Unit was redirected to other Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement costs, including vehicle upgrades. Nearly half the unit’s posts remained unfilled as of last year, even as the bureau overall lost a third of its workforce amid staffing cuts under President Donald Trump.
The bureau says it has adopted many of the report’s recommendations, from streamlining its case referral pipeline to training staff on victim services requirements. But federal auditors say weaknesses in its hiring process remain. And some families say they are still in the dark about their loved ones’ cases.
“It is nothing but heartbreaking just to see how inadequate the response has already been for so many of these situations,” said David Adams, an Albuquerque-based attorney, former federal prosecutor and member of the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians.
As of November 2024, the Missing and Murdered Unit had 83 open cases and nearly 400 pending referrals, according to the audit released Sept. 9 by Interior’s Office of Inspector General. The unit did not have a timeframe for assessing referrals.
The audit also found agents had unmanageable caseloads, with some assigned administrative duties, such as conducting research on referrals, on top of their active investigations.
Relatives of Kaysera Stops Pretty Places were hopeful when, in 2022, a Bureau of Indian Affairs agent was assigned to her still-unsolved case. Stops Pretty Places had just turned 18 when her body was found in 2019 in a town bordering the Crow Reservation.
Her aunt, Grace Bulltail, said the agent was difficult to reach and provided few updates. Last year, Bulltail learned the agent never had full access to the files of local investigators before being reassigned to other duties.
The Associated Press emailed bureau officials seeking comment about the case.
Sarah Deer, a professor at the University of Kansas School of Law, said delays and dysfunction among federal investigators are compounding families’ grief.
“These are families who have often experienced institutional failure already,” she said. “A system designed as a response to that history cannot ask families to keep waiting.”
In 8 of 13 cases reviewed by the inspector general’s office, the assigned agent did not contact bureau staff who specialize in helping victims’ families. One staff member said they referred families to outside programs because the unit had only two victim specialists nationwide.
Martin was 31 when he was reported missing after a welfare check on the Fond du Lac reservation in 2024. Relatives described him as an outgoing man who played sports with kids and took his nieces and nephews trick-or-treating. Family members said they get periodic updates from the Fond du Lac Police Department but were never connected to BIA victim specialists.
The BIA website does not list a case agent in Martin’s case. The AP asked bureau officials for comment.
The Trump administration says it has been ramping up efforts to address high rates of violence against Native people. Last month, the FBI announced it would set a minimum reward of $25,000 for public information in dozens of cold cases on tribal land.
Bureau of Indian Affairs officials said in a statement they have taken steps under Trump to improve case processing and make sure families get support. They said most of the audit’s recommendations had been acted upon.
“The deficiencies identified in the OIG audit reflect operations under the previous administration that were inconsistent with the objectives outlined in Operation Lady Justice,” the statement said, referring to a presidential task force established by the first Trump administration in 2019 to address the crisis of missing and killed Indigenous people.
In February, the Missing and Murdered Unit helped recover and identify two sets of remains on the Chickasaw Nation, closing a missing persons case that had run cold more than a decade earlier.
Deer said new federal and state task forces and specialized law enforcement initiatives have increased public awareness of the crisis.
“The government has stepped up in some ways to appropriate resources, but implementation matters,” she said.
Tribal police departments, which are often the first to respond to cases involving Native people, remain under-resourced with limited capacity to investigate complex crimes, she said.
“What I always come back to is whether or not this money could be better utilized by tribes themselves,” Deer said.